We are the Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, or ACAMH for short. And this is ACAMH Learn. [UPBEAT MUSIC] Hi. I'm Leehyun Yoon. I'm an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Texas at Dallas. Today, I'm presenting research that I conducted as a postdoctoral researcher in Dr. Amanda Geyer's lab at UC Davis using data from the [? Pittsburgher ?] study. The depression and interpersonal problems are closely connected during adolescence. Importantly, the areas of depression suggest that depressed individuals are not just passive recipients of stressful experiences, but may also contribute to these experiences during maladaptive social behaviours. For example, excessive reassurance seeking where the patterns may create conflict or rejection, which can then intensify depressive symptoms, creating a self-perpetuating cycle between depression and social difficulties. Most previous studies on this topic have focused on between-person differences, meaning whether adolescents with higher levels of depression compared to others also tend to show more interpersonal problems compared to others. However, understanding within-person fluctuations or within person deviation is also very important. For instance, even if someone is not highly aggressive, becoming more aggressive than one's usual level may still meaningfully affect social interactions, because other people may notice these behavioural changes and become more cautious in interacting with this person. In this study, we examined within-person longitudinal associations between depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems across four waves from mid to late adolescence in girls. We focus on eight types of interpersonal problems organised within two broad dimensions of social behaviour agency, ranging from dominance to submission and communion, ranging from affiliation to detachment. To examine these processes, we used random intercept cross-lagged panel model, which allowed us to test whether increases in depressive symptoms within an individual predicted later increases in interpersonal problems over time, and vice versa while accounting for stable between-person differences. We found that when girls showed higher than usual levels of depressive symptoms, they later showed higher than usual levels of overly nurturing problems and socially avoidant problems one year later. However, these interpersonal problems did not predict later increases in depressive symptoms. One explanation is that depression-related reduction in self-esteem may heightened sensitivity to social evaluation. This may lead adolescents to become more focused on placing others to gain social acceptance, while also becoming more cautious or withdrawn in social interactions because of negative expectations about how others may perceive them. We also found reciprocal reading person associations between depressive symptoms and domineering problems. When girls showed more domineering tendencies than usual, they later experienced increases in depressive symptoms and higher depressive symptoms also predict later increases in domineering behaviour. One explanation is that domineering or aggressive behaviour may contribute to a peer rejection or interpersonal conflict, which can worsen depressive symptoms. At the same time, depressive symptoms which accompany frustration and irritability may increase domineering tendencies, creating a reinforcing cycle between depression and aggression. Overall, this study helped us better anticipate what kinds of interpersonal difficulties may emerge following the period of increases in depressive symptoms during adolescence in girls. Our findings also suggest that closely monitoring fluctuations in depressive symptoms may help identify periods when adolescents are at increased risk for developing social difficulties, such as social withdrawal or excessive self-sacrificing tendencies, which may allow for more personalised and timely interventions. In addition, early intervention for domineering or aggressive interpersonal tendencies may help prevent worsening depressive symptoms and the formation vicious cycle between depression and interpersonal difficulties. Thank you for listening. [MUSIC PLAYING]